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Main article: Industrial agriculture History

Main article: Sustainable agriculture Sustainable agriculture

Crops

large scale — hundreds or thousands of acres of a single crop (much more than can be absorbed into the local or regional market);
monoculture — large areas of a single crop, often raised from year to year on the same land, or with little crop rotation;
agrichemicals — reliance on imported, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to provide nutrients and to mitigate pests and diseases, these applied on a regular schedule; the use of fertilizer recycled from toxic waste and other hazardous industrial byproducts is common in the US.
hybrid seed — use of specialized hybrids designed to favor large scale distribution (e.g. ability to ripen off the vine, to withstand shipping and handling);
genetically engineered crops — use of genetically modified varieties (GMOs) designed for large scale production (e.g. ability to withstand selected herbicides);
large scale irrigation — heavy water use, and in some cases, growing of crops in otherwise unsuitable regions by extreme use of water (e.g. rice paddies on arid land).
high mechanization — automated machinery sustain and harvest crops. Features

Main article: Challenges and issues of industrial agriculture Criticism

Main article: Green Revolution Examples

Main article: Wheat Wheat (Modern management techniques)

Main article: Maize Soybean (Genetic modification)

Main article: Hydroponics